Understanding Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) happens when the ovaries stop working normally before the age of 40. It can affect periods, hormone levels, fertility, and long-term health, and it is often both medically and emotionally overwhelming.

What is POI?

POI means the ovaries are no longer consistently releasing eggs or producing typical levels of hormones such as oestrogen. Some people with POI may still ovulate occasionally, but fertility is usually significantly reduced.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms can vary, but commonly include:

• Irregular or absent periods
• Hot flushes and night sweats
• Vaginal dryness
• Low mood or anxiety
• Reduced libido
• Difficulty conceiving

Causes of POI

In many cases, no clear cause is found. Possible reasons may include:

• Genetic factors
• Autoimmune conditions
• Previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy
• Surgery affecting the ovaries
• Certain infections or medical conditions

How It Is Diagnosed

Diagnosis usually involves reviewing symptoms, menstrual history, and blood tests to assess hormone levels. A fertility specialist may also recommend ultrasound scans and additional investigations depending on age and medical history.

Fertility Options

Fertility treatment options depend on individual circumstances and ovarian activity. These may include:

• IVF using your own eggs if ovulation still occurs occasionally
• Donor egg IVF
• Embryo donation
• Fertility preservation discussions in selected cases

Looking After Long-Term Health

Because POI affects hormone levels, it can also impact bone health, heart health, and general wellbeing. Ongoing medical support and a personalised treatment plan are important.

Emotional Support Matters

A diagnosis of POI can bring grief, confusion, and uncertainty. Counselling, peer support, and specialist fertility guidance can make a real difference while you consider next steps.